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Background  Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex polygenic psychiatric disorder caused in part by abnormal dopamine levels. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor ( CDNF ) 2 is known to protect and repair the dopaminergic system. Dopamine dysfunction is one of the pathogenesis of SZ. However, the relationship between  CDNF2  and SZ has not been previously investigated. We speculated that  CDNF2  may be a susceptibility factor for SZ.    Methods  To address this issue, we carried out a study to investigate the association between  CDNF2  and SZ in the total sample 1371 (670 SZ patients and 701 healthy controls) Han Chinese population. Stage 1 included 528 SZ patients and 528 healthy controls; and stage 2 included 142 SZ patients and 173 healthy controls. The allele and genotype frequencies of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2577074, rs2577075, rs2249810, rs6506891, and rs2118343) of  CDNF2  were compared between patients and controls.    Results  We found a significant association in allele and genotype frequencies between the two groups at rs2249810 (χ 2  = 4.38 and 6.45, respectively;  P  = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). An association was also observed in males at rs2249810 (χ 2  = 8.76;  P  = 0.03). Haplotype TGATC differed between SZ and controls in stage 2 samples (χ 2  = 6.38;  P  = 0.01), and rs2118343 genotypes were associated with negative factor scores (F = 4.396;  P  = 0.01).    Conclusions  These results suggest that rs2249810 and haplotype TGATC of  CDNF2  are an SZ susceptibility locus and factor, respectively, and that rs2118343 genotypes are associated with negative symptoms of SZ in the Han Chinese population.

behavioral and brain functions

Association between cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) 2 polymorphisms and schizophrenia susceptibility and symptoms in the Han Chinese population