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Background  It has been proved that coffee consumption was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. But the benefit effect of coffee on hyperglycemia in Chinese population was largely unknown. Besides, the relationship of coffee intake and diabetic pathogenesis was still unclear.    Methods  The study population was selected from the Shanghai High-Risk Diabetic Screen (SHiDS) project. A total of 1328 individuals over 18 years of age who have the information of coffee intake were enrolled in the study from 2012 to 2016. Each participant finished a five-point 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and finished a standard questionnaire. Insulin resistance was evaluated by HOMA-IR and insulin secretion was evaluated by HOMA-β, Stumvoll first phase and second phase indexes.    Results  Coffee consumption group had lower plasma glucose levels at 2-h and 3-h and higher insulin levels at fasting, 30-min and 1-h during OGTT after adjustment with age, fat%, BMI, waist, tea intake, smoking habit, alcohol intake, diabetes family history and educational status (P for PG2h = 0.002; P for PG3h = 0.010; P for FIN = 0.010; P for IN30min = 0.001; P for IN1h = 0.002). Both HOMA-β and Stumvoll formula indexes were positively related to coffee consumption (P for HOMA-β = 0.033; P for Stumvoll first phase = 0.003; P for Stumvoll second phase = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis further confirmed that coffee intake was independently associated with higher levels of HOMA-β and Stumvoll insulin secretion indexes [OR (95% CI) for HOMA-β = 2.270 (1.456–3.538); OR (95% CI) for Stumvoll first phase = 2.071 (1.352–3.173); OR (95% CI) for Stumvoll second phase = 1.914 (1.260–2.906)].    Conclusions  Coffee intake is independently and positively related to pancreatic beta cell function in a large high-risk diabetic Chinese population.

Coffee consumption is positively related to insulin secretion in the Shanghai High-Risk Diabetic Screen (SHiDS) Study