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Background  Previous studies have revealed the inductive effect of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) catabolism on fatty acid oxidation and metabolism, especially in muscle cells. In the present investigation, we have attempted to address whether a combination of BCAAs supplement consumption with aerobic exercise could elaborate the expression of  PPAR γ,  Pgc-1α  and  Fndc5  genes in gastrocnemius muscle and heart tissue of male C57BL/6 mice.    Methods  Thirty-six young male mice with an average weight of 18 ± 2 g were selected. Mice were randomly assigned to 6 groups: 20 mg/mL of BCAAs consumption with simultaneous exercise-training, 60 mg/mL of BCAAs consumption with simultaneous exercise-training, exercise-trained with no BCAAs consumption group, 20 mg/mL BCAAs without exercise-training, 60 mg/mL BCAAs without exercise-training, and untrained mice without BCAAs consumption.    Results  The findings showed a combination of 20 mg/mL BCAAs with aerobic exercise significantly increased  Fndc5 ,  PPARγ ,  Pgc-1α  gene expression in skeletal muscles although, circulating Irisin levels remained unchanged ( p  < 0.05). Interestingly, plasma urea and lactate levels were significantly increased in 60 mg/mL BCAAs administrated mice which performed exercised ( p  < 0.05). Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine significant difference between groups and sedentary group.    Conclusions  Results showed inductive effect of 20 mg/mL BCAAs on expression levels of  Fndc5 ,  PPARγ ,  Pgc-1α in  gastrocnemius muscle similar with counterparts in heart tissue. Of note, higher serum irisin levels were detected after 20 mg/mL BCAAs supplementation coincided with the exercise.    Graphical abstract  An Overview on supplemantaion of branched chain amoinoacids on metablism of skeletal muscle and heartElectronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-018-0298-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

PPARγ/Pgc-1α-Fndc5 pathway up-regulation in gastrocnemius and heart muscle of exercised, branched chain amino acid diet fed mice