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Background  Obesity is associated with vitamin insufficiency and low grade inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of weight loss on folate, retinol, vitamin B 12 , D and E status and the degree of inflammation.    Methods  Out of 110, 85 individuals (75% women) aged 39 ± 11 years with a mean ± SD BMI of 33 ± 4 kg/m 2 , completed an eight-week low energy diet (LED). Serum concentration of folate, retinol, B 12 , D and E and C-reactive protein and homocysteine (Hcy) were measured at baseline and at end of the LED.    Results  At baseline, 8% of the participants were deficient in folate, 13% in vitamin B 12 , 2% in retinol, 28% in vitamin D (72% were insufficient in vitamin D), and none were deficient in vitamin E. At baseline, BMI was inversely associated with retinol ( P  < 0.05) as was total and abdominal fat percentage with folate ( P  < 0.05); further BMI and measures of adiposity were positively associated with CRP ( P  < 0.01) and Hcy ( P  < 0.05). Homocysteine was inversely associated with all vitamins but retinol ( P  < 0.001). After the LED, the participants lost a mean [95% confidence intervals] of 12.3 [− 13.1,-11.6] kg. The serum concentration of folate, vitamin B 12  and D were increased ( P  < 0.001) after the LED whereas the concentration of retinol and vitamin E were reduced ( P  < 0.001).    Conclusion  Eight-weeks LED resulted in 13% weight loss and an increase in the serum concentrations of folate, vitamin B 12  and D. Baseline adiposity was inversely associated with folate and retinol, and positively associated with markers of inflammation.    Trial registration  Ethical Committee of Copenhagen as no. H-4-2013-135,  NCT01561131 .

nutrition and metabolism

Effect of low energy diet for eight weeks to adults with overweight or obesity on folate, retinol, vitamin B12, D and E status and the degree of inflammation: a post hoc analysis of a randomized intervention trial