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Background  Studies on very young adolescents’ romantic and sexual experiences would help inform the context in which early sex arises. However, such studies are scant in China due to sparse data and cultural issues.    Method  This study used the GEAS baseline data conducted among1776 adolescents in Shanghai. Multi-group latent class analysis was used to explore adolescents’ romantic and sexual experiences patterns and subgroups. Multi-nominal logistic regression was performed to identify the factors distinguishing different subgroups subsequently.    Results  There were gender differences in the lifetime prevalence for very young adolescents’ romantic and sexual-related behaviors. The Multi-group latent class analysis indicated that the participants could be classified into three classes:  general group ,  early romance group , and sex  exploratory group . Multi-nominal logistic regression showed youth in the  early romance group  were more likely to had friends of both gender, ever had a romantic relationship, and had more autonomy in deciding where to go than th e general group ; while male respondents in the  sex exploratory group  were older, ever had a romantic relationship, believed that boys should be more sexually active and more proactive than girls, had more autonomy on deciding where to go, and perceived less school connection and neighborhood cohesion. Female respondents in the  sex exploratory group  were older and less empowered in decision-making than the  general group .    Conclusions  The result provides a picture of romantic and sexual behavior patterns among both gender of very young adolescents in China. Current sex education needs not only to be culturally appropriate but also to address the harm of gender inequality and stereotypes, as well as to provide accessible and supportive services to help young adolescents personalize their received information and strengthen their skills in communication, decision making, and critical thinking.

The pattern of romantic and sexual related experiences among Chinese young adolescents: an exploration with multi-group latent class analysis