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Background  High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective approach to improve physical fitness, but consuming beer, which is a regular practice in many physically active individuals, may interfere with these effects. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of a 10-week (2 days/week) HIIT program on cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength and power parameters, and also to assess the possible influence on them of a moderate consumption of beer (at least from Monday to Friday) or its alcohol equivalent.   Methods:  Young (24 ± 6 years old) healthy adults ( n  = 73, 35 females) were allocated to five groups. Four groups participated in the HIIT intervention program while the fifth group was a control Non-Training group ( n  = 15). Participants in the training groups chose whether they preferred receiving alcohol or alcohol-free beverages. Those choosing alcohol were randomized to either beer or ethanol intake: (i) T-Beer group (alcohol beer, 5.4%;  n  = 13) or (ii) T-Ethanol (sparkling water with vodka, 5.4%;  n  = 14). Those choosing alcohol-free intake were randomized to (iii) T-Water group (sparkling water, 0.0%;  n  = 16), or (iv) T-0.0Beer group (alcohol-free beer, 0.0%;  n  = 15). Men ingested 330 ml of the beverage at lunch and 330 ml at dinner; women ingested 330 ml at dinner. Before and after the intervention, maximal oxygen uptake in absolute and relative terms (VO 2 max.), maximal heart rate, total test duration, hand grip strength and four types of vertical jumps were measured.    Results  HIIT induced significant improvements in absolute and relative values of VO 2 max, and total test duration (all  p  < 0.05) in all the training groups; also, clinical improvements were found in hand grip strength. These positive effects were not influenced by the regular intake of beer or alcohol. No changes in the vertical jumps occurred in any of the groups.    Conclusions  A moderate beer or alcohol intake does not mitigate the positive effect of a 10-week HIIT on physical fitness in young healthy adults.    Trial registration   ClinicalTrials.gov  ID:  NCT03660579 . Registered 20 September 2018. Retrospectively registered.

Influence of daily beer or ethanol consumption on physical fitness in response to a high-intensity interval training program. The BEER-HIIT study