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Background  Theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric-acid) is a pure alkaloid with a similar structure to caffeine and acts comparably as an adenosine receptor antagonist. Early studies have shown non-habituating effects, including increases in energy and focus in response to Teacrine®, the compound containing pure theacrine. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the effects of Teacrine® and caffeine on cognitive performance and time-to-exhaustion during a simulated soccer game in high-level male and female athletes.    Methods  Male and female soccer players ( N  = 24; M Age  = 20.96 ± 2.05y, M MaleVO2max  = 55.31 ± 3.39 mL/O 2 /kg, M FemaleVO2max  = 50.97 ± 3.90 mL/O 2 /kg) completed a 90-min simulated treadmill soccer match over four randomized sessions (TeaCrine®, caffeine, TeaCrine® + caffeine, placebo). Cognitive testing at halftime and end-of-game including simple reaction time (SRT), choice RT (CRT), and cognitive-load RT with distraction questions (COGRT/COGRT Wrong ) was performed, with a run time-to-exhaustion (TTE) at 85% VO 2max  following end-of-game cognitive testing. Session times and pre-exercise nutrition were controlled. RM-MANOVAs with univariate follow-ups were conducted and significance was set at  P  < 0.05.    Results  TTE trended towards significance in TeaCrine® and TeaCrine® + caffeine conditions compared to placebo ( P  < 0.052). A condition main effect ( P  < 0.05) occurred with faster CRT in caffeine and TeaCrine® + caffeine compared to placebo. COGRT Wrong  showed a significant time main effect, with better accuracy at end-of-game compared to halftime ( P  < 0.05). A time x condition interaction in SRT ( P  < 0.05) showed placebo improved from halftime to end-of-game.    Conclusions  The 27–38% improvements in TTE reflect increased performance capacity that may have important implications for overtime scenarios. These findings suggest TeaCrine® favorably impacts endurance and the combination with caffeine provides greater benefits on cognitive function than either supplement independently.

The effects of TeaCrine® and caffeine on endurance and cognitive performance during a simulated match in high-level soccer players