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Background  The aim of the study was to determine whether polymorphisms in toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) confer susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in a central south Chinese Han population.    Methods  Genotyping for six well studied polymorphisms (rs4986790, rs4986791, rs10759932, rs41426344, rs11536889 and rs7873784) in  TLR4  gene were conducted in 1074 unrelated patients with RA and 1692 healthy control subjects, as well as in 217 unrelated patients with JIA and 378 healthy control subjects using direct sequencing technique. Comparisons between cases and controls in alleles, genotypes and haplotypes were carried out using Fisher’s exact test.    Results  Significant genetic associations were detected between the 3’UTR rs41426344C and RA ( p  < 0.001,  p   adj  < 0.001, OR = 2.24) and JIA ( p  < 0.001,  p   adj  < 0.001, OR = 2.05). In addition, rs4986790G was found to be significantly associated with the susceptibility for RA ( p  = 0.005,  p   adj  = 0.03, OR = 3.43), but not for JIA ( p =  0.06,  p   adj  = 0.36, OR = 2.65). Furthermore, significant increasing in the distributions of haplotypes H4 and H10 in RA (H4 : p  = 0.001, OR = 1.13; H10:  p  = 0.001, OR = 1.15) and JIA (H4 : p  = 0.04, OR = 2.06; H10:  p  = 0.02, OR = 2.47) were also found. Moreover, the frequency of rs41426344C significantly increased in RF-positive and anti-CCP positive subjects both in RA (RF + :  p  <0.0001, OR = 2.33; anti-CCP + :  p  =0.008, OR = 2.79) and JIA (RF + :  p  =0.02, OR = 2.91; anti-CCP + :  p  = 0.02, OR = 2.78).    Conclusions  Our study suggested that rs41426344 and rs4986790 of  TLR4  might contribute to RA, and rs41426344 might contribute to JIA pathogenesis in central south Chinese Han population.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12969-017-0137-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

pediatric rheumatology online journal

TLR4 rs41426344 increases susceptibility of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in a central south Chinese Han population