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Robust and homogeneous lipid suppression is mandatory for coronary magneticresonance angiography (MRA) since coronary arteries are commonly embedded infat. However, effective large volume lipid suppression becomes challenging whenperforming radial whole-heart coronary MRA and the problem may even beexacerbated at increasing magnetic field strengths. Incomplete fat suppressionalso generates artifacts, and may affect advanced motion correction methods.The aim was to evaluate a recently reported lipid insensitive MRI method forself-navigated coronary MRA at 3T. Lipid insensitive binomial off resonantexcitation (LIBRE) radiofrequency (RF) excitation pulses were included into aself-navigated 3D radial GRE coronary MRA sequence at 3T. LIBRE was comparedagainst conventional fat saturation (FS) and binomial 1-180{\deg}-1 waterexcitation (WE). First, fat suppression of all techniques was numericallycharacterized using Matlab and experimentally validated in phantoms and in legsof human volunteers. Subsequently, free-breathing self-navigated coronary MRAwas performed using the LIBRE pulse as well as FS and WE in ten volunteers.Results obtained in the simulations were confirmed by the experimentalvalidations as LIBRE enabled near complete fat suppression for 3D radialimaging in vitro and in vivo. For self-navigated whole-heart coronary MRA at3T, fat SNR was significantly attenuated using LIBRE compared with conventionalFS. LIBRE increased the RCA vessel sharpness significantly (37 +/- 9% (LIBRE)vs. 29 +/- 8% (FS) and 30 +/- 8% (WE), both p<0.05) and led to a significantincrease in the measured RCA vessel length to (83 +/- 31 mm (LIBRE) vs. 56 +/-12 mm (FS) and 59 +/- 27 (WE) p<0.05). LIBRE enables robust large volume fatsuppression and significantly improves coronary artery image quality at 3Tcompared to the use of conventional fat suppression and water excitation.

journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Noncontrast free-breathing respiratory self-navigated coronary artery  cardiovascular magnetic resonance angiography at 3 T using lipid insensitive  binomial off-resonant excitation (LIBRE)