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Background  The aim of this study is to investigate the inter-scan reproducibility of kinetic parameters in atherosclerotic plaque using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in a multi-center setting at 3T.    Methods  Carotid arteries of 51 subjects from 15 sites were scanned twice within two weeks on 3T scanners using a previously described DCE-CMR protocol. Imaging data with protocol compliance and sufficient image quality were analyzed to generate kinetic parameters of vessel wall, expressed as transfer constant ( K   trans  ) and plasma volume ( v   p  ). The inter-scan reproducibility was evaluated using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV). Power analysis was carried out to provide sample size estimations for future prospective study.    Results  Ten (19.6%) subjects were found to suffer from protocol violation, and another 6 (11.8%) had poor image quality (n = 6) in at least one scan. In the 35 (68.6%) subjects with complete data, the ICCs of  K   trans   and  v   p   were 0.65 and 0.28, respectively. The CVs were 25% and 62%, respectively. The ICC and CV for  v   p   improved to 0.73 and 28% in larger lesions with analyzed area larger than 25 mm 2 . Power analysis based on the measured CV showed that 50 subjects per arm are sufficient to detect a 20% difference in change of  K   trans   over time between treatment arms with 80% power without consideration of the dropout rate.    Conclusion  The result of this study indicates that quantitative measurement from DCE-CMR is feasible to detect changes with a relatively modest sample size in a prospective multi-center study despite the limitations. The relative high dropout rate suggested the critical needs for intensive operator training, optimized imaging protocol, and strict quality control in future studies.

journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Scan-rescan reproducibility of quantitative assessment of inflammatory carotid atherosclerotic plaque using dynamic contrast-enhanced 3T CMR in a multi-center study