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Background  Ovarian cancer (OV) is the deadliest gynecological cancer. Transmembrane protein 119 (TMEM119) has been reported as oncogene in several human cancers. However, the function of TMEM119 in OV is still poorly known.    Methods  Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to analyze TMEM119 levels. Transwell assays, wound healing assays, CCK-8 assays and EdU cell proliferation assays were designed to explore the function and potential mechanism of TMEM119 in malignant biological behaviors in OV.    Results  TMEM119 was observed to be overexpressed in OV tissues and associated with poor survival in OV patients. Knockdown and overexpression experiments demonstrated that TMEM119 promoted proliferation, invasion, and migration in OV cells in vitro. TMEM119 mRNA expression was related to the pathways of focal adhesion according to Gene Set Enrichment Analyses and was correlated with the mRNA expression level of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB). TMEM119 exerted oncogenic effects partially by regulating the expression of PDGFRB and by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.    Conclusions  Collectively, our findings highlight the potential role of TMEM119 in the malignant biological behavior of OV, which may serve as a potential biomarker and a therapeutic candidate for OV.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02781-x.

TMEM119 facilitates ovarian cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration via the PDGFRB/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway