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Background  Adult granulosa cell tumor (aGCT) is a rare type of stromal cell malignant cancer of the ovary characterized by elevated estrogen levels. aGCTs ubiquitously harbor a somatic mutation in  FOXL2  gene, Cys134Trp (c.402C < G); however, the general molecular effect of this mutation and its putative pathogenic role in aGCT tumorigenesis is not completely understood. We previously studied the role of FOXL2 C134W , its partner SMAD3 and its antagonist FOXO1 in cellular models of aGCT.    Methods  In this work, seeking more comprehensive profiling of FOXL2 C134W  transcriptomic effects, we performed an RNA-seq analysis comparing the effect of FOXL2 WT /SMAD3 and FOXL2 C134W /SMAD3 overexpression in an established human GC line (HGrC1), which is not luteinized, and bears normal alleles of  FOXL2 .    Results  Our data shows that FOXL2 C134W /SMAD3 overexpression alters the expression of 717 genes. These genes include known and novel FOXL2 targets ( TGFB2 ,  SMARCA4 ,  HSPG2 ,  MKI67 ,  NFKBIA ) and are enriched for neoplastic pathways (Proteoglycans in Cancer, Chromatin remodeling, Apoptosis, Tissue Morphogenesis, Tyrosine Kinase Receptors). We additionally expressed the FOXL2 antagonistic Forkhead protein, FOXO1. Surprisingly, overexpression of FOXO1 mitigated 40% of the altered genome-wide effects specifically related to FOXL2 C134W , suggesting it can be a new target for aGCT treatment.    Conclusions  Our transcriptomic data provide novel insights into potential genes (FOXO1 regulated) that could be used as biomarkers of efficacy in aGCT patients.

FOXO1 mitigates the SMAD3/FOXL2C134W transcriptomic effect in a model of human adult granulosa cell tumor