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Background  Recently, the role of IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24 has been reported in renal disorders. However, still little is known about their biological role.    Methods  Localization of IL-20RB was determined in human biopsies and in the kidneys of mice that underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Renal  Il19 ,  Il20  and  Il24  expression was determined in ischemia/reperfusion, lipopolysaccharide, streptozotocin, or UUO induced animal models of kidney diseases. The effects of H 2 O 2 , LPS, TGF-β1, PDGF-B and IL-1β on  IL19 ,  IL20  and  IL24  expression was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The extents of extracellular matrix (ECM) and α-SMA,  Tgfb1, Pdgfb,  and  Ctgf  expression were determined in the kidneys of  Il20rb  knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice following UUO. The effect of IL-24 was also examined on HK-2 tubular epithelial cells and NRK49F renal fibroblasts.    Results  IL-20RB was present in the renal biopsies of patients with lupus nephritis, IgA and diabetic nephropathy. Amount of IL-20RB increased in the kidneys of mice underwent UUO. The expression of  Il19 ,  Il20  and  Il24  increased in the animal models of various kidney diseases. IL-1β, H 2 O 2  and LPS induced the  IL19 ,  IL20  and  IL24  expression of PBMCs. The extent of ECM, α-SMA, fibronectin,  Tgfb1, Pdgfb,  and  Ctgf  expression was lower in the kidney of  Il20rb  KO compared to WT mice following UUO. IL-24 treatment induced the apoptosis and TGF-β1, PDGF-B, CTGF expression of HK-2 cells.    Conclusions  Our data confirmed the significance of IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24 in the pathomechanism of renal diseases. Furthermore, we were the first to demonstrate the pro-fibrotic effect of IL-24.

Characterization of IL-19, -20, and -24 in acute and chronic kidney diseases reveals a pro-fibrotic role of IL-24