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Background and aims  TRIM5 and TRIM22 are restriction factors involved in innate immune response and exhibit anti-viral activity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at  TRIM5  and  TRIM22  genes have shown to influence several viral infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B, as well as measles and rubella vaccination. The aim of this study is to analyze whether  TRIM5  and  TRIM22  polymorphisms are associated with liver fibrosis inflammation-related biomarkers and response to pegylated-interferon-alpha plus ribavirin (pegIFNα/RBV) therapy in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfected patients.    Methods  A retrospective study was performed in 319 patients who started pegIFNα/RBV therapy. Liver fibrosis stage was characterized in 288 patients.  TRIM5  rs3824949 and  TRIM22  polymorphisms (rs1063303, rs7935564, and rs7113258) were genotyped using the GoldenGate assay. The primary outcomes were: a) significant liver fibrosis (≥F2) evaluated by liver biopsy or transient elastography (liver stiffness values ≥7.1 Kpa); b) sustained virological response (SVR) defined as no detectable HCV viral load (<10 IU/mL) at week 24 after the end of the treatment. The secondary outcome variable was plasma chemokine levels.    Results  Patients with  TRIM5  rs3824949 GG genotype had higher SVR rate than patients with  TRIM5  rs3824949 CC/CG genotypes (p = 0.013), and they had increased odds of achieving SVR (adjusted odds ratio (aOR = 2.58; p = 0.012). Patients with  TRIM22  rs1063303 GG genotype had higher proportion of significant liver fibrosis than patients with rs1063303 CC/CG genotypes (p = 0.021), and they had increased odds of having significant hepatic fibrosis (aOR = 2.19; p = 0.034). Patients with  TRIM22  rs7113258 AT/AA genotype had higher SVR rate than patients with rs7113258 TT genotypes (p = 0.013), and they had increased odds of achieving SVR (aOR = 1.88; p = 0.041). The  TRIM22  haplotype conformed by rs1063303_C and rs7113258_A was more frequent in patients with SVR (p = 0.018) and was significantly associated with achieving SVR (aOR = 2.80; p = 0.013). The  TRIM5  rs3824949 GG genotype was significantly associated with higher levels of GRO-α (adjusted arithmetic mean ratio ((aAMR) = 1.40; p = 0.011) and MCP-1 (aAMR = 1.61; p = 0.003).    Conclusions   TRIM5  and  TRIM22  SNPs are associated to increased odds of significant liver fibrosis and SVR after pegIFNα/RBV therapy in HIV/HCV coinfected patients. Besides,  TRIM5  SNP was associated to higher baseline levels of circulating biomarkers GRO and MCP-1.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-1005-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Relationship of TRIM5 and TRIM22 polymorphisms with liver disease and HCV clearance after antiviral therapy in HIV/HCV coinfected patients