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Background  Regulatory T cells (Treg) in allografts are important for the prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) post-transplantation. The aim of this study was to compare the contents of Tregs and effector T cells in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-primed bone marrow grafts (G-BM) and peripheral blood grafts (G-PB).    Method  G-BM and G-PB were obtained from 20 allogeneic donors. T-cell subgroups, including conventional T cells and different types of Treg cells, as well as the percentage of Ki67 expression on CD4 + CD25 high Foxp3 +  Treg cells, were analyzed using flow cytometry. The levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) secreted by T cells stimulated with PMA and ionomycin were also determined by flow cytometry.    Results  The percentage of CD4 + CD25 high CD127 -/dim CD62L +  Treg cells was significantly higher in the G-BM group, with higher proportions of CD45RA +  naïve Treg cells and higher expression of CD69 on Treg cells in G-BM ( P  < 0.05). The percentage of Ki67 expression in CD4 + CD25 high Foxp3 +  Treg cells in G-BM was significantly higher than that on G-PB. The suppressive functions of Treg cells in inhibiting T-cell activation were comparable between G-BM and G-PB. The proportions of CD4 + CD25 − CD69 +  Treg subsets as well as Th1 cells in G-BM were also significantly higher than those in G-PB ( P  < 0.001). The proportions of conventional T cells and Th17 effector cells were comparable in G-BM compared with those in G-PB. Thus, the ratio of conventional T cells and CD4 + CD25 high CD127 -/dim  regulatory T cells were lower in G-BM than that in G-PB ( P  = 0.014).    Conclusion  In addition to the much higher T-cell counts in G-PB grafts that may contribute to more severe GVHD, the higher frequency of Treg cells and lower ratio of conventional T cells to Treg cells in G-BM compared with G-PB grafts might reduce GVHD post-transplantation in G-BM compared with G-PB transplantation.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0507-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

journal of translational medicine

Higher frequency of regulatory T cells in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-primed bone marrow grafts compared with G-CSF-primed peripheral blood grafts