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Background  Passive overconsumption is the increase in energy intake driven by the high-fat energy-dense food environment. This can be explained in part because dietary fat has a weaker effect on satiation (i.e. process that terminates feeding). Habitually active individuals show improved satiety (i.e. process involved in post-meal suppression of hunger) but any improvement in satiation is unknown. Here we examined whether habitual physical activity mitigates passive overconsumption through enhanced satiation in response to a high-fat meal.    Methods  Twenty-one non-obese individuals with high levels of physical activity (HiPA) and 19 individuals with low levels of physical activity (LoPA) matched for body mass index (mean = 22.8 kg/m 2 ) were recruited. Passive overconsumption was assessed by comparing ad libitum energy intake from covertly manipulated high-fat (HFAT; 50% fat) or high-carbohydrate (HCHO; 70% carbohydrate) meals in a randomized crossover design. Habitual physical activity was assessed using SenseWear accelerometers (SWA). Body composition, resting metabolic rate, eating behaviour traits, fasting appetite-related peptides and hedonic food reward were also measured.    Results  In the whole sample, passive overconsumption was observed with greater energy intake at HFAT compared to HCHO ( p  < 0.01), without any differences between activity groups ( p  > 0.05). SWA confirmed that HiPA were more active than LoPA ( p  < 0.01). HiPA had lower body fat and greater fat-free mass than LoPA ( p  < 0.05 for both) but did not differ in resting metabolic rate, eating behaviour traits, appetite-related peptides or food reward ( p  > 0.05 for all).    Conclusions  Non-obese individuals with high or low physical activity levels but matched for BMI showed similar susceptibility to passive overconsumption when consuming an ad libitum high-fat compared to a high-carbohydrate meal. This occurred despite increased total daily energy expenditure and improved body composition in HiPA. Greater differences in body composition and/or physical activity levels may be required to impact on satiation.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0473-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Impact of physical activity level and dietary fat content on passive overconsumption of energy in non-obese adults