English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood neural crest tumor. There are two groups of aggressive NBs, one with  MYCN  amplification, and another with 11q chromosomal deletion; these chromosomal aberrations are generally mutually exclusive. The  DLG2  gene resides in the 11q-deleted region, thus makes it an interesting NB candidate tumor suppressor gene.    Methods  We evaluated the association of  DLG2  gene expression in NB with patient outcomes, stage and  MYCN  status, using online microarray data combining independent NB patient data sets. Functional studies were also conducted using NB cell models and the fruit fly.    Results  Using the array data we concluded that higher  DLG2  expression was positively correlated to patient survival. We could also see that expression of  DLG2  was inversely correlated with  MYCN  status and tumor stage. Cell proliferation was lowered in both 11q-normal and 11q-deleted NB cells after  DLG2  over expression, and increased in 11q-normal NB cells after  DLG2  silencing. Higher level of  DLG2  increased the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase and decreased the percentage of cells in the G1 phase. We detected increased protein levels of Cyclin A and Cyclin B in fruit fly models either over expressing dMyc or with RNAi-silenced  dmDLG , indicating that both events resulted in enhanced cell cycling. Induced  MYCN  expression in NB cells lowered  DLG2  gene expression, which was confirmed in the fly; when dMyc was over expressed, the dmDLG protein level was lowered, indicating a link between Myc over expression and low dmDLG level.    Conclusion  We conclude that low  DLG2  expression level forces cell cycle progression, and that it predicts poor NB patient survival. The low  DLG2  expression level could be caused by either  MYCN -amplification or 11q-deletion.    Graphical abstractVideo Abstract

cell communication and signaling

Low DLG2 gene expression, a link between 11q-deleted and MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, causes forced cell cycle progression, and predicts poor patient survival