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Background  The regulatory mechanisms of hematopoiesis and cellular immunity show a high degree of similarity between insects and mammals, and  Drosophila  has become a good model for investigating cellular immune responses. Jumeau (Jumu) is a member of the winged-helix/forkhead (FKH) transcription factor family and is required for  Drosophila  development. Adult  jumu  mutant flies show defective hemocyte phagocytosis and a weaker defense capability against pathogen infection. Here, we further investigated the role of  jumu  in the regulation of larval hemocyte development and phagocytosis.    Methods  In vivo phagocytosis assays, immunohistochemistry, Real-time quantitative PCR and immunoblotting were performed to investigate the effect of Jumu on hemocyte phagocytosis. 5-Bromo-2-deoxyUridine (BrdU) labeling, phospho-histone H3 (PH3) and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining were performed to analyze the proliferation and apoptosis of hemocyte; immunohistochemistry and Mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker (MARCM) clone analysis were performed to investigate the role of Jumu in the activation of Toll pathway.    Results  Jumu indirectly controls hemocyte phagocytosis by regulating the expression of NimC1 and cytoskeleton reorganization. The loss of  jumu  also causes abnormal proliferation and differentiation in circulating hemocytes. Our results suggest that a severe deficiency of  jumu  leads to the generation of enlarged multinucleate hemocytes by affecting the normal cell mitosis process and induces numerous lamellocytes by activating the Toll pathway.    Conclusions  Jumu regulates circulating hemocyte differentiation and phagocytosis in  Drosophila.  Our findings provide new insight into the mechanistic roles of cytoskeleton regulatory proteins in phagocytosis and establish a basis for further analyses of the regulatory mechanism of the mammalian ortholog of Jumu in mammalian innate immunity.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0305-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Jumu is required for circulating hemocyte differentiation and phagocytosis in Drosophila