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Background  An incidental/unsuspected diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (IPE) in cancer patients is a frequent occurrence. This single-institution analysis of uniformly managed patients investigates short and long-term outcomes and proposes a prognostic risk score, aiming to assist clinical decision-making.    Methods  Data from a prospectively recorded cohort of 234 consecutive cancer patients with IPE were analysed. Multivariate logistic regression and the Cox regression survival methods were used to identify factors with independent association with early (30-day, 3-month, 6-month) mortality and survival. Receiver operator characteristic analysis (ROC) was used to assess appropriate cut-offs for continuous variables and the fitness of prognostic scoring.    Results  30-day, 3-month and 6-month mortality was 3.4% ( n  = 8), 15% ( n  = 35) and 31% ( n  = 72) respectively. Recurrence during anticoagulation occurred in 2.6% ( n  = 6) and major haemorrhage in 2.1% ( n  = 5) of the patients. A prognostic score incorporating performance status (0 vs 1–2 vs 3–4) and the presence of new or worsening symptoms, with and without the consideration of the presence of incurable malignancy, correlated with overall survival ( p  < .001 respectively) as well as early mortality (AUC = .821,  p  = .004 and AUC = .805,  p  = 0.006, respectively).    Conclusion  A simple prognostic score incorporating basic oncologic clinical assessment and self-reported symptomatology could reliably stratify the mortality risk of ambulant cancer patients and IPE.    Trial registration  Audit registration No. 2013.287, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals Trust, 29/11/2013.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12959-017-0157-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Prognostic assessment for patients with cancer and incidental pulmonary embolism