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Background  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease of the female reproductive system that seriously affects women’s health. Berberine (BBR) has many pharmacological properties and is used as an insulin sensitizer. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BBR on PCOS and explore its related mechanisms.    Methods  Forty-two rats were randomly divided into the following six groups ( n  = 7 per group): control, control + BBR, PCOS-normal diet (ND), PCOS-ND + BBR, PCOS-high-fat diet (HFD), and PCOS-HFD + BBR. The PCOS rat models were established by injecting rats with dehydroepiandrosterone. Further, the rats were gavaged with BBR (150 mg/kg/d) for 6 weeks. Then, the body weight, HOMA-IR, and testosterone levels of all rats were determined. Cell apoptosis of ovary granulosa cells was determined by a TUNEL assay kit. Real-time quantification PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were utilized to evaluate the expression of  TLR4 ,  LYN ,  PI3K ,  Akt ,  NF-kB ,  TNF-α ,  IL-1 ,  IL-6 , and  caspase-3 .    Results  BBR reduced the levels of insulin resistance and testosterone in PCOS rats. Additionally, the cell apoptosis rate increased significantly in PCOS rats ( P  < 0.05) and decreased after BBR treatment ( P  < 0.05). The results of RT-qPCR and western blotting showed that the expression levels of  TLR4 ,  LYN ,  PI3K ,  Akt ,  NF-kB ,  TNF-α ,  IL-1 ,  IL-6 , and  caspase-3  significantly increased in PCOS rats, while BBR suppressed their expression levels.    Conclusions  BBR may relieve PCOS pathology and IR values by inhibiting cell apoptosis and by regulating the expression levels of  TLR4 ,  LYN ,  PI3K ,  Akt ,  NF-kB ,  TNF-α ,  IL-1 ,  IL-6 , and  caspase-3 .

Berberine exerts a protective effect on rats with polycystic ovary syndrome by inhibiting the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis