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Background  Solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1; previously known as glucose transporter 1), is the most abundant glucose transporter in human endometrium and is up-regulated during decidualization, whereas high insulin may have a negative impact on this process. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of insulin on the expression of SLC2A1 and glucose uptake in decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells.    Methods  We induced in vitro decidualization of endometrial stromal cells obtained from regularly menstruating healthy non-obese women. The cells were treated with increasing concentrations of insulin, and the involvement of the transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) was evaluated using a FOXO1 inhibitor.  SLC2A1  mRNA levels were measured by Real-Time PCR and protein levels were evaluated by immunocytochemistry. Glucose uptake was estimated by an assay quantifying the cellular uptake of radioactive glucose. One-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test and paired t-test were used to determine the statistical significance of the results.    Results  We found that insulin dose-dependently decreased  SLC2A1  mRNA levels and decreased protein levels of SLC2A1 in decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells. Transcriptional inactivation of  FOXO1  seems to explain at least partly the down-regulation of  SLC2A1  by insulin. Glucose uptake increased upon decidualization, whereas insulin treatment resulted in a slight inhibition of the glucose uptake, although not significant for all insulin concentrations.    Conclusions  These results indicate an impairment of decidualization by high concentrations of insulin. Future studies will determine the clinical significance of our results for endometrial function and decidualization in women with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.

reproductive biology and endocrinology

Insulin regulation of solute carrier family 2 member 1 (glucose transporter 1) expression and glucose uptake in decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells: an in vitro study