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Background  A predominant difference between endometrial and normal cells is higher proliferation rate in the former cells which is benign. The genes of inhibitor of differentiation ( ID ) family play a major role in cell proliferation regulation which might be targeted by the nuclear transcription factor Y (NF-Y) for subsequent epigenetic modifications through the CCAAT box regulatory region. The present study was designed to investigate the epigenetic role of NF-Y on  ID  gene family in endometrial tissue of patients with endometriosis.    Materials & methods  In this case-control study, 20 patients with endometriosis and 20 normal women were examined for the relative expression of the  NF-YA ,  NF-YB ,  NF-YC  and  ID  genes by real-time PCR during the proliferative phase. The occupancy of NF-Y on CCAAT box region of  ID  genes was investigated using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by real-time PCR.    Results  The  NF-YA  was over-expressed in eutopic endometrium during the proliferative phase. Although the expression level of  NF-YB  and  NF-YC  were unchanged in eutopic samples, they were remarkably higher in ectopic group ( P <0.05). The  ID2  and  ID3  genes were up-regulated in ectopic and eutopic tissues, however  ID1  and  ID4  genes were down-regulated in these samples ( P <0.05). The ChIP analysis revealed significant enrichment of NF-Y on regulatory regions of  ID2,3  genes in eutopic group, but reduced binding level of NF-Y to the  ID1,3  promoters in ectopic specimens ( P <0.05).    Conclusion  The ability of NF-Y to regulate  ID  genes via CCAAT box region suggests the possible role of NF-Y transcription factor in epigenetic changes in endometrial tissues which may open novel avenues in finding new therapeutic strategies.

Epigenetic role of the nuclear factor NF-Y on ID gene family in endometrial tissues of women with endometriosis: a case control study