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Background  It has been discussed if the adverse health effect associated with the ingestion of  trans  fatty acids correlates with the food source, as the composition of the isomers varies in different foods. We have investigated the hepatocellular responses to the predominant  trans  fatty acid isomers in industrially produced partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (elaidic acid) and products of ruminant origin ( trans -vaccenic acid).    Results  The responses of HepG2-SF cells exposed to 100 μM fatty acids during 7 days were examined. Elaidic acid decreased the cellular proliferation rate while  trans -vaccenic acid had no effect. Analysis of cellular triacylglycerol fractions showed, that both  trans  fatty acids were metabolized by HepG2-SF cells, although elaidic acid, to a higher degree than  trans -vaccenic, accumulated in the triacylglycerol fraction. Proteome analysis revealed that the overlap of differentially regulated proteins only contained four proteins, suggesting that the two  trans  fatty acid isomers affect the cells in different ways. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000760.    Conclusions  Our investigations revealed that the hepatocellular response to the two most abundant dietary positional C18:1  trans  fatty acid isomers differ substantially. In addition, the results suggest that  trans -vaccenic acid does not affect cholesterol metabolism adversely compared to elaidic acid.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12953-015-0084-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Hepatocytes respond differently to major dietary trans fatty acid isomers, elaidic acid and trans-vaccenic acid