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Background  The HMG-CoA reductase is key enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis which potentially contributes in management of hypercholesterolemia. The present study was designed to assess the inhibitory effect of phytoconstituents of an ethanolic extract of  Prosopis cineraria  pods on HMG – CoA reductase and regression potential of atherosclerotic plaque.    Methods  Healthy, adult male, albino rabbits in which hypercholesterolemia was induced by supplying the high fat diet and a supplement of cholesterol powder with coconut oil (500 mg/5 ml/Day/kg body weight) for 15 days, were used as a disease model. Phytochemical analysis of an ethanolic extract  Prosopis cineraria  pods was conducted using LCMS, GCMS and FTIR analysis. Further, in-vitro, in-vivo and  in-silico  assessments were performed.    Results  The in-vitro assessment of HMG -CoA reductase activity indicated a 67.1 and 97.3% inhibition by the extract and a standard drug (Pravastatin), respectively. Additionally, an  in-silico  evaluation was made using appropriate docking software and results also indicated as significant interactions of the identified compounds with the target enzyme. Treatment of rabbits with the ethanolic extract of  P. cineraria  pod resulted in significant ( P  ≤ 0.001) reductions in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and triglyceride. Accordingly, reductions were occurred in atherosclerotic plaque, intima and media of aortal wall along with lumen volume of the aorta significantly increased ( P  ≤ 0.001).    Conclusion  It can be illustrating that the ethanolic extract of  Prosopis cineraria  pod contains potent bioactive phytocompounds might be inhibit HMG – CoA reductase and have regression potential of atherosclerotic plaque.

lipids in health and disease

Phytoconstituents of an ethanolic pod extract of Prosopis cineraria triggers the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and the regression of atherosclerotic plaque in hypercholesterolemic rabbits