English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Remnant cholesterol (RC) can partly explain the residual risk in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). A consensus method of measuring RC levels has not been established yet. In clinical practice, RC levels are usually calculated from the standard lipid profile, which are not true RC. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can measure RC levels directly. This study aimed to characterize RC at fasting and non-fasting states in more details and establish the performance of calculated RC and NMR-measured RC.    Methods  Blood samples at fasting state and at 2 h and 4 h postprandial states were collected in 98 subjects. Lipid parameters including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), subfractions 3, 4, and 5 of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL 3 -C, VLDL 4 -C, and VLDL 5 -C, respectively), and intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol (IDL-C) were measured by enzymatic method and NMR. RC levels calculated from the standard lipid profile or measured by NMR were referred here as RCe or RCn.    Results  The RCe and RCn levels were different, but both of them increased after a meal ( P  < 0.05), especially at 4 h postprandial state. Low correlations were found between RCe and RCn in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quartiles of TG, but RCn showed great correlation with RCe in the highest quartile regardless of the fasting or non-fasting state (R = 0.611, 0.536, and 0.535 for 0 h, 2 h, and 4 h, respectively). However, across the 2nd and 3rd quartiles, RCe levels were nearly close to RCn levels. RCe levels tended to overestimate RCn levels in the 1st quartile of TGe levels with median differences of 0.23(− 0.13, 0.63) and underestimate RCn levels with median differences of − 0.23(− 0.33, 0.07) in the highest quartile of TGe levels.    Conclusions  RC calculated from the standard lipid profile as TC minus LDL-C minus HDL-C is different from the NMR-measured RC. According to different TG levels, RC could overestimate or underestimate the actual RC level. Developing a consensus clinical method to measure RC levels is necessary, so that results from different studies and platforms can be more directly compared.    Trial registration  Chinese Clinical Trial Registry,  ChiCTR1900020873 . Registered in 21 January 2019 - Retrospectively registered.

Comparison of calculated remnant lipoprotein cholesterol levels with levels directly measured by nuclear magnetic resonance