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Background  In metabolic disorders, myocardial fatty infiltration is critically associated with lipotoxic cardiomyopathy.    Methods  Twenty  Psammomys obesus  gerbils were randomly assigned to normal plant or high fat diet. Sixteen weeks later, myocardium was sampled for pathobiological evaluation.    Results  A sixteen-week high fat diet resulted in myocardial structure disorganization, with collagen deposits, lipid accumulation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Myocardial expressions of glucose transporter GLUT1 and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) inhibitor, PDH kinase (PDK)4 increased, while insulin-regulated GLUT4 expression remained unchanged. Myocardial expressions of molecules regulating fatty acid transport, CD36 and fatty acid binding protein (FABP)3, were increased, while expression of rate-controlling fatty acid β-oxidation, carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT)1B decreased. Myocardial expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), decreased, while expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR)-α and -γ did not change.    Conclusion  In high fat diet fed  Psammomys obesus , an original experimental model of nutritionally induced metabolic syndrome mixing genetic predisposition and environment interactions, a short period of high fat feeding was sufficient to induce myocardial structural alterations, associated with altered myocardial metabolic gene expression in favor of lipid accumulation.

High fat diet altered cardiac metabolic gene profile in Psammomys obesus gerbils