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Background  APOC3 is important in lipid transport and metabolism with limited studies reporting genetic sequence variations in specific ethnic groups. The present study aimed to analyze the full  APOC3  sequence among Kuwaiti Arabs and test the association of selected variants with lipid levels and BMI.    Methods  Variants were identified by Sanger sequencing the entire  APOC3  gene in 100 Kuwaiti Arabs. Variants and their genotypes were fully characterized and used to construct haplotype blocks. Four variants (rs5128, rs2854117, rs2070668, KUAPOC3N3 g.5196 A > G) were selected for testing association with serum lipid levels and BMI in a cohort ( n  = 733).    Results   APOC3  sequence (4.3 kb) of a Kuwaiti Arab was deposited in Genbank (accession number KJ437193). Forty-two variants including 3 novels were identified including an “A” insertion at genomic positions 116,700,599–116,700,600 (promoter region) and two substitutions in intron 1 at genomic positions 116,700,819 and 116,701,159. Only three variants, (rs5128, rs2854117, and rs2070668) were analyzed for association of which rs5128 showed a trend for association with increased BMI, TG and VLDL levels that was further investigated using multivariate analysis. A significant association of rs5128 with BMI ( p  <  0.05) was observed following a dominant genetic model with increased risk by an OR of 4.022 (CI: 1.13–14.30).    Conclusion  The present study is the first to report sequence analysis of  APOC3  in an Arab ethnic group. This study supports the inclusion of rs5128 as a marker for assessing genetic risk to dyslipidemia and obesity and the inclusion of the novel variant g.5196 A > G for population stratification of Arabs.

Sequence analysis and variant identification at the APOC3 gene locus indicates association of rs5218 with BMI in a sample of Kuwaiti’s