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Background  Evidence shows that low serum vitamin D concentrations account for an increased risk of obesity by inducing vitamin D receptor  (VDR)  hypofunction. Although the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of  VDR  gene and obesity-related anthropometric measures (such as body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference[WC]) has already been tested, there are only few studies on the association between direct measures of body fat percentage (BFP) and triceps skinfold thickness and the SNPs of  VDR . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of  VDR  gene polymorphism on multiple obesity indexes in Han Chinese, including BMI, WC, BFP and triceps skinfold thickness.    Methods  In this cross-sectional study, five hundred and seventeen healthy Chinese adults were enrolled in the trial. Four loci in  VDR  gene (rs2228570 [FokI], rs2189480, rs2239179 and rs7975232[ApaI]) were genotyped by TaqMan probe assays. Obesity indexes including BMI, WC, BFP and triceps skinfold thickness were used to evaluate the relationship to the  VDR  SNPs. Multiple logistic regression, linear regression and general multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) were performed to analyze the correlation of  VDR  gene and obesity indexes.    Results  None of the  VDR  SNPs were associated with BMI and WC, the C allele of FokI and the T allele of ApaI were associated with an increase in BFP (β = 0.069 ,P  = 0.007; β = 0.087,  P  = 0.022 respectively); the G allele of rs2239179 and the T allele of ApaI were associated with an increase in triceps skin fold thickness (β = 0.074,  P  = 0.001; β = 0.122,  P  < 0.001 respectively). In regards to adiposity-related metabolic parameters, we found that the GT genotype of ApaI was associated with higher level of total cholesterol (TC) ( P  = 0.013) and Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ( P  = 0.001).    Conclusions  Though we failed to prove that  VDR  SNPs were in correlation with BMI and WC, we did establish the association between  VDR  variants and BFP, as well as triceps skinfold thickness. Data obtained suggested that the  VDR  variants play an important role in regulating adipose tissue activity and adiposity among Han Chinese.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-019-1027-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

lipids in health and disease

Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with triceps skin fold thickness and body fat percentage but not with body mass index or waist circumference in Han Chinese