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Background  Dysregulation of the lipid homeostasis is an independent risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Some studies had demonstrated that  TRIB1  gene polymorphisms affect the plasma lipids metabolism, but no related data was available for  TRIB1  gene polymorphisms in the lipids metabolism in Chinses Han population. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between  TRIB1  gene polymorphisms (rs17321515 and rs2954029) and the risk of NAFLD in Chinese Han population and their effects on serum lipid profiles.    Patients and methods   TRIB1  rs17321515 and rs2954029 gene polymorphisms were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in B-type ultrasonography-proven NAFLD patients ( n  = 146) and healthy controls ( n  = 175). Serum lipid profiles were determined using biochemical methods. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 22.0 statistical software.    Results  The allele distributions of  TRIB1  rs17321515 A and rs2954029 A were significant different between the NAFLD patients and healthy controls ( P  = 0.026,  P  = 0.045, respectively). The genotype distribution of  TRIB1  rs17321515 was significant different between NAFLD patients and healthy controls ( P  = 0.038). The TRIB1 rs17321515 GA + AA genotype and TRIB1 rs2954029 TA + AA genotype markedly increase the NAFLD risk (OR = 1.885; 95%CI: 1.157–3.070; OR = 1.627; 95%CI: 1.011–2.619, respectively), after adjusted for age, gender, and body mass index, the NAFLD risk still significant (OR = 2.240; 95%CI: 1.196–4.197; OR = 2.050; 95%CI: 1.110–3.786, respectively). In addition,  TRIB1  rs17321515 A and rs2954029 A carriers possess the higher lipid profiles in the included subjects.    Conclusions   TRIB1  rs17321515 and rs2954029 were significant associated with the risk of NAFLD in Chinese Han population. The rs17321515 A and rs2954029 A allele increases the serum lipid profiles in Chinese Han population.

TRIB1 rs17321515 and rs2954029 gene polymorphisms increase the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese Han population