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Background  Dyslipidemia is commonly seen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. Understanding the risk factors of abnormal lipid profiles is urgent for proposing targeted approaches to prevention. Our objective was to assess the incidence and associated factors of abnormal lipid profiles and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) among antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve men who have sex with men (MSM) acute HIV infection (AHI) and chronic HIV infection (CHI) patients in China.    Methods  We compared lipids parameters such as triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and AIP between MSM HIV-infected patients and MSM HIV negative controls. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate risk factors of higher AIP.    Results  We performed a case control analysis of 110 AHI, 110 CHI and 100 HIV negative MSM participants. The TC, HDL-C and LDL-C levels were decreased in the AHI and CHI groups compared to the controls (3.90 ± 0.73 mmol/L and 3.72 ± 0.74 mmol/L versus 4.49 ± 0.91 mmol/L,  p  < 0.001; 1.00 ± 0.25 mmol/L and 1.01 ± 0.30 mmol/L versus 1.19 ± 0.29 mmol/L,  p  < 0.001; 2.11 ± 0.57 mmol/L and 2.22 ± 0.58 mmol/L versus 2.75 ± 0.78 mmol/L,  p  < 0.001). The AIP score was higher in the AHI patients compared to the control group [0.08 (−0.05–0.20) versus−0.04 (−0.21–0.22),  p  = 0.039]. In total groups, AIP was associated with AHI and TG positively (β = 0.029 ± 0.012,  p  = 0.015;β = 0.273 ± 0.009,  p  < 0.001) and correlated with HDL-C inversely (β = -0.444 ± 0.023,  p  < 0.001).    Conclusions  HIV infection contributed to decreased TC, LDL-C and HDL-C. AHI contributed to higher AIP level. An urgent need exists for earlier HIV diagnosis and better prevention of dyslipidemia in China.

Lipids profile among ART-naïve HIV infected patients and men who have sex with men in China: a case control study