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Background  Uncontrolled inflammation participates in the development of inflammatory diseases. Beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids belonging to the n-3 family such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on inflammation have been reported.  The present study investigates the basal effects of EPA, DHA and a mixture EPA + DHA on the expression of 10 genes ( AKT1, MAPK, NFKB, TNFA, IL1Β, MCP1, ALOX5, PTGS2, MGST1 and  NOS2 ) related to inflammation in unstimulated cultured THP1 macrophages. Cells were incubated for 24 h with n-3 PUFAs (50 μM and 10 μM EPA, DHA, EPA + DHA). Expression levels of inflammatory genes were analyzed by real-time PCR.    Results  50 μM, 10 μM EPA and 50 μM EPA + DHA decreased the expression of genes involved in the NF-κB pathway ( MAPK ,  AKT1 , and  NFKB ). Treatment with 50 μM, 10 μM EPA, 50 μM DHA and EPA + DHA decreased expression levels of cytokines genes  IL1Β  and  MCP1. TNFA  expression was decreased by 50 μM, 10 μM of EPA, DHA and with 50 μM EPA + DHA. Two genes involved in the fatty acid metabolism ( PTGS2  and  ALOX5 ) were also modulated by the n-3 FAs. 50 μM of DHA and EPA + DHA inhibited  PTGS2  expression when the two concentrations of EPA, 50 μM DHA and EPA + DHA inhibited  ALOX5  expression. Finally, the effects of n-3 FAs were studied among genes involved in the oxidative stress. 50 μM of each fatty acid increased  MGST1  expression. Both concentration of EPA and 50 μM DHA decreased  NOS2  expression.    Conclusion  EPA seems to be more effective than DHA and EPA + DHA in modulating expression levels of selected inflammatory genes. The concentration of 50 μM was globally more effective than 10 μM.

Effect of n-3 fatty acids on the expression of inflammatory genes in THP-1 macrophages