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Background  Prokineticin-2 is confirmed to be involved in the inflammatory process. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MS). However, whether prokineticin-2 is associated with MS or not remains unknown. Thus, we present this study to explore the association between prokineticin-2 and MS in a Chinese population.    Methods  This study included 162 middle-aged and elderly Chinese patients with cardiovascular risk factors. The relationship between serum prokineticin-2 levels and various cardiometabolic risk factors, and MS were evaluated.    Results  The participants with serum prokineticin-2 levels >6.32 ng/ml had increased waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), plasma triglyceride, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), blood glucose, and serum uric acid, but decreased age, plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and HDL-C/total cholesterol (TC) (all  P  < 0.05). A higher percentage of them had history of lipid disorders (19.3 vs 2.5 %,  P  = 0.001) and MS (77.1 vs 48.1 %,  P  < 0.001). Prokineticin-2 was positively correlated with TC (partial correlation coefficient: 0.233,  P  = 0.011), triglyceride (partial correlation coefficient: 0.504,  P <  0.001), fasting plasma glucose (partial correlation coefficient: 0.336,  P  < 0.001), HbA1c (partial correlation coefficient: 0.285,  P  = 0.002), and uric acid (partial correlation coefficient: 0.234,  P  = 0.011) respectively, but was negatively correlated with HDL-C/TC (partial correlation coefficient: −0.269,  P  = 0.003) with adjustment for age, man, and BMI. Prokineticin-2 was significantly elevated in participants with MS (7.72 ± 3.34  vs  5.56 ± 2.39 ng/ml,  P  < 0.001). Furthermore, prokineticin-2 was significantly elevated in participants with increased numbers of MS components (5.17 ± 2.29  vs  5.94 ± 2.47  vs  7.13 ± 3.33  vs  8.32 ± 2.81  vs  9.82 ± 4.37 ng/ml , P  for trend <0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that prokineticin-2 was independently associated with MS (OR: 1.307, 95 % confidence interval: 1.127–1.515,  P  < 0.001) with adjustment for other potential confounders. If serum prokineticin-2 value can be considered as an indicator to discriminate MS, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis exhibited the area under the curve as 0.701.    Conclusions  Prokineticin-2 is correlated with various cardiometabolic risk factors including blood lipid, blood glucose, blood pressure, BMI, and uric acid. And furthermore, the increased prokineticin-2 is independently associated with MS.

Prokineticin-2 is associated with metabolic syndrome in a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population