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Background  Aberrant microRNA expression has been implicated in metastasis of cancers. MiR-661 accelerates proliferation and invasion of breast cancer and ovarian cancer, while impedes that of glioma. Its role in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and underlying mechanism are worthy elucidation.    Methods  Expression of miR-661 was measured with real-time PCR in both NSCLC tissues and cell lines. The effects of miR-661 on migration, invasion and metastasis capacity of NSCLC were evaluated using wound healing, transwell assay and animal models. Dual reporter luciferase assay and complementary experiments were performed to validate RB1 as a direct target of miR-661 for participation in the progression of NSCLC.    Results  MiR-661 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues as compared to paired adjacent tissues and associated with shorter overall survival. Furthermore, miR-661 promoted proliferation, migration and metastasis of NSCLC. Then, we identified RB1 as a direct target of miR-661 through which miR-661 affected EMT process and metastasis of NSCLC. RB1 interacted with E2F1 and both could mediate EMT process in NSCLC.    Conclusion  MiR-661 promotes metastasis of NSCLC through RB/E2F1 signaling and EMT events, thus may serves as a negative prognostic factor and possible target for treatment of NSCLC patient.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0698-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

MiR-661 promotes tumor invasion and metastasis by directly inhibiting RB1 in non small cell lung cancer