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Background  Accumulating evidence suggests that some long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in certain diseases, such as cancer. The lncRNA,  CCDC26 , is related to childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) because its copy number is altered in AML patients.    Results  We found that  CCDC26  transcripts were abundant in the nuclear fraction of K562 human myeloid leukemia cells. To examine the function of  CCDC26 , gene knockdown (KD) was performed using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), and four KD clones, in which  CCDC26  expression was suppressed to 1% of its normal level, were isolated. This down-regulation included suppression of  CCDC26  intron-containing transcripts (the  CCDC26  precursor mRNA), indicating that transcriptional gene suppression (TGS), not post-transcriptional suppression, was occurring. The shRNA targeting one of the two  CCDC26  splice variants also suppressed the other splice variant, which is further evidence for TGS. Growth rates of KD clones were reduced compared with non-KD control cells in media containing normal or high serum concentrations. In contrast, enhanced growth rates in media containing much lower serum concentrations and increased survival periods after serum withdrawal were observed for KD clones. DNA microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction screening for differentially expressed genes between KD clones and non-KD control cells revealed significant up-regulation of the tyrosine kinase receptor,  KIT , hyperactive mutations of which are often found in AML. Treatment of KD clones with ISCK03, a KIT-specific inhibitor, eliminated the increased survival of KD clones in the absence of serum.    Conclusions  We suggest that  CCDC26  controls growth of myeloid leukemia cells through regulation of  KIT  expression. A KIT inhibitor might be an effective treatment against the forms of AML in which  CCDC26  is altered.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0364-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Long noncoding RNA, CCDC26, controls myeloid leukemia cell growth through regulation of KIT expression