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Background  This case report describes a neck abscess caused by a strain of  Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae  in a middle aged man with diabetes without a history of travel to East and South East Asia. This case report is of notable significance as  Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae  neck abscesses are rarely seen in the UK and are very infrequently documented in individuals who have not first travelled to the high prevalence areas of East and South East Asia.    Case presentation  This case report describes a 53 year old diabetic man who contracted a Hypervirulent  Klebsiella pneumoniae  neck abscess which led to the development of sepsis.  Klebsiella pneumoniae  was cultured from blood cultures and fluid aspirated from the abscess grew the pathogen with same antimicrobial susceptibility. Hypervirulence was demonstrated after the samples were analysed, at the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit Public Health England Colindale, and found to contain the K20 (rmp)A and rmpA2 virulence genes.    Discussion   Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae  is a Gram-negative, encapsulated, non-motile bacillus notable for its ability to metastatically spread and cause potentially life threatening infections in otherwise healthy adults, but especially in those with diabetes. Genes responsible for the production of hyperviscous mucoid polysaccharide capsules and siderophores, such as those isolated in this case, enable the bacteria to more efficiently evade the hosts immune system and disseminate and invade surrounding and distant tissues. Data from Public Health England shows  Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae  are rare in the UK. A review of current literature also showed  Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae  almost exclusively occur in those who have traveled to East and South East Asia.    Conclusions  This case reported a rare  Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae  neck abscess outside of, and without travel to, East and South East Asia. This raises concerns about future, potentially life threatening,  Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae  infections becoming more widespread without the need for endemic travel. This concern is further exacerbated by the growing global challenge of antimicrobial resistance.

A case of neck abscess caused by rare hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae, capsular type K20 and sequence type 420