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Background  Identification of the prevalence and spread of ESBL-mediated antibiotic resistance is essential especially in the hospital setting. It is for this reason, more and more studies are highlighting the importance of complementing phenotypic ESBL-detection techniques with molecular techniques in order to understand the basis and extent of this form of resistance among clinically evolved bacterial populations, especially those belonging to the  Enterobacteriaceae  family. However, in Trinidad and Tobago and other Caribbean countries, very little is known regarding ESBL detection rates and/or the prevalence of genes conferring ESBL resistance.    Methodology  Sixty-six  Klebsiella pneumoniae  isolates from clinical specimens phenotypically identified by the Microscan Walkaway-96 System as potential ESBL-producers were analysed in this study. Screening and confirmation of these isolates as ESBL producers was done by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) approved methods. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of beta-lactamase genes  bla   TEM ,  bla   SHV ,  bla   CTX-M1 ,  bla   CTX-M2  and  bla   AmpC  was performed to identify mechanisms of β-lactam resistance.    Results  ESBL-producing  K. pneumoniae  was confirmed in 78.8% (41/52) from isolates collected from a variety of sources during the period, April–July 2015.  bla   SHV  (84.8%) and  bla   CTX-M  (46.9%) were the predominant β-lactamase genes identified. A single  K. pneumoniae  isolate possessed a  bla   CTX-M  group 2 beta-lactamase gene. RAPD analysis identified a number of epidemiologically related isolates. However, current isolates were unrelated to isolates from previous years.    Conclusion  This study revealed that among  K. pneumoniae  isolates exhibiting extended spectrum β-lactam resistance, there was a high prevalence of  bla   SHV  and  bla   CTX-M  genes. This result highlights the need for a reliable epidemiological apparatus that involves the molecular characterisation of ESBL resistance.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12941-017-0209-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Detection of a CTX-M group 2 beta-lactamase gene in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from a tertiary care hospital, Trinidad and Tobago