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Background  The nasal cavity is the main colonization site of  Staphylococcus aureus  ( S. aureus ) in human body. Nasal carriage may be a strong risk factor for some serious infection. There was still limited information about the nasal carriage for  S. aureus  in south China.    Methods  Sought to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of  S. aureus  nasal carriage, 295 volunteers residing on a medicine campus were investigated and sampled the nasal cavity swab. Selected  S. aureus  isolates were carried through molecular analysis, including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence analysis, staphylococcal cassette chromosome  mec  (SCC mec ) and virulence gene detection.    Results  A total of 73  S. aureus  isolates were recovered from separate subjects (24.7%, 73/295), with one methicillin-resistant  S. aureus  (MRSA) isolate (0.3%, 1/295). Among the 73 isolates, 71 isolates were successfully grouped into 13 pulsotypes by PFGE analysis, with profiles A and L the most prevalent; 12 sequence types (STs) were found among the 23 isolates which had similar drug resistant spectrum. ST59, ST188 and ST1 were the most prevalent, accounting for 17.4, 13.0 and 13.0% of all isolates, respectively. The MRSA isolate presented ST8-SCC mec  III. 56.5% of isolates carried both the staphylococcal enterotoxin A ( sea ) and enterotoxin B ( seb ) genes. 83.6% of the  S. aureus  isolates were resistant to penicillin, all isolates were susceptible to quinupristin/dalfopristin, levofloxacin, teicoplanin and vancomycin. The most common risk factors for  S. aureus  carriage were being male, age ≤30 years, and nasal cavity cleaning habits.    Conclusions  Colonization by  S. aureus  was greater among male and young age (20–30 years) students and those with irregularity nasal cleaning. The  S. aureus  isolates selected were revealed into various sequence types and pulsotypes, indicating molecular heterogeneity among  S. aureus  isolates from the populations in the medical college in Guangzhou.

annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials

Factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and molecular characteristics among the general population at a Medical College Campus in Guangzhou, South China