English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Typical enteropathogenic  Escherichia coli  (t-EPEC) are known to cause diarrhea in children but it is uncertain whether atypical EPEC (a-EPEC) do, since a-EPEC lack the bundle-forming pilus ( bfp ) gene that encodes a key adherence factor in t-EPEC. In culture-based studies of a-EPEC, the presence of another adherence factor, called EHEC factor for adherence/lymphocyte activation inhibitor ( efa1/lifA) , was strongly associated with diarrhea. Since a-EPEC culture is not feasible in clinical laboratories, we designed an  efa1/lifA  quantitative PCR assay and examined whether the presence of  efa1/lifA  was associated with higher a-EPEC bacterial loads in pediatric diarrheal stool samples.    Methods  Fecal samples from children with diarrhea were tested by qPCR for EPEC (presence of e ae  gene) and for shiga toxin genes to exclude enterohemorrhagic  E. coli,  which also contain the  eae  gene. EPEC containing samples were then tested for the bundle-forming pilus gene found in t-EPEC and  efa1/lifA . The  eae  gene quantity in  efa1/lifA -positive and negative samples was compared.    Results  Thirty-nine of 320 (12%) fecal samples tested positive for EPEC and 38/39 (97%) contained a-EPEC. The  efa1/lifA  gene was detected in 16/38 (42%) a-EPEC samples. The median  eae  concentration for  efa1/lifA  positive samples was significantly higher than for  efa1/lifA  negative samples (median 16,745 vs. 1183 copies/µL, respectively, p = 0.006).    Conclusions  Atypical enteropathogenic  E. coli -positive diarrheal stool samples containing the  efa1/lifA  gene had significantly higher bacterial loads than samples lacking this gene. This supports the idea that  efa1/lifA  contributes to diarrheal pathogenesis and suggests that, in EPEC-positive samples,  efa/lifA  may be a useful additional molecular biomarker.

annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials

Higher atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (a-EPEC) bacterial loads in children with diarrhea are associated with PCR detection of the EHEC factor for adherence 1/lymphocyte inhibitory factor A (efa1/lifa) gene