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Background  Air pollution has been found to adversely affect children’s lung function. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity from spirometry have been studied most frequently, but measurements of airway resistance may provide additional information. We assessed associations of long-term air pollution exposure with airway resistance.    Methods  We measured airway resistance at age 8 with the interrupter resistance technique (R int ) in participants of the Dutch PIAMA birth cohort study. We linked R int  with estimated annual average air pollution concentrations [nitrogen oxides (NO 2 , NO x ), PM 2.5  absorbance (“soot”), and particulate matter < 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ), < 10 μm (PM 10 ) and 2.5–10 μm (PM coarse )] at the birth address and current home address ( n  = 983). Associations between air pollution exposure and interrupter resistance (R int ) were assessed using multiple linear regression adjusting for potential confounders.    Results  We found that higher levels of NO 2  at the current address were associated with higher R int  [adj. mean difference (95% confidence interval) per interquartile range increase in NO 2 : 0.018 (0.001, 0.035) kPa·s·L − 1 ]. Similar trends were observed for the other pollutants, except, PM 10 . No association was found between R int  and exposure at the birth address.    Conclusions  Our results support the hypothesis that air pollution exposure is associated with a lower lung function in schoolchildren.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12940-018-0407-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Air pollution and airway resistance at age 8 years – the PIAMA birth cohort study