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Background  Numerous industries use organic solvents, and many workers from various occupational sectors are exposed to these known neurotoxicants, including pregnant women. Our objective is to explore whether occupational exposure of pregnant women to solvents may impair the neurodevelopment of their babies and consequently affect their behavior in childhood.    Methods  Within the French birth cohort PELAGIE, parents assessed their children’s internalizing and externalizing behaviors using items from the Child Behavior Checklist and the Preschool Social Behavior Questionnaire at age 2, and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire at age 6. The occupational exposure to solvents of the pregnant women was self-reported prospectively at the beginning of their pregnancy ( N  = 715). We applied structural equation modeling to capture the longitudinal association of prenatal exposure to solvents with children’s behavioral traits at 2 and 6 years.    Results  Increased externalizing behavior score at age 2 was associated with prenatal exposure to solvents (standardized score: 0.34 (95% CI = 0.11, 0.57) for occasional exposure and 0.26 (0.05, 0.48) for regular exposure). This association was attenuated at age 6 (0.22 (− 0.02, 0.47) for occasional exposure and 0.07 (− 0.14, 0.28) for regular exposure). No association was observed for internalizing behavior.    Conclusions  Pregnant women’s occupational exposure to solvents may affect their children’s behavior in early childhood. This effect may be attenuated with aging or diluted by the effects of other postnatal predictors.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12940-018-0406-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Occupational exposure to organic solvents during pregnancy and childhood behavior: findings from the PELAGIE birth cohort (France, 2002–2013)