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Dear Madam/Sir Trehalose is a disaccharide composed of 2 glucose units connected by an α-1,1 linkage, compared to maltose that has a similar disaccharide composition but differs in the saccharide bond (α-1,4). In humans, trehalose consumed at typical dietary rates is known to be digested in the small intestine by membrane bound trehalase, which splits the disaccharide into free glucose, which is available for subsequent absorption. The specific bond between the 2 glucose molecules of trehalose, however, impacts on its digestion rate, compared to maltose (a disaccharide of starch digestion), resulting in a slightly reduced absorption rate and consequently reduced glycemia, insulinemia and oxidation rate in energy metabolism, as we have shown in humans at rest and during exercise [1–4]. Trehalose is fully digestible, and glucose derived from trehalose is exactly the same molecule as glucose absorbed from other digestible carbohydrate sources such as starch. In this respect, the paper of Chiyo Yoshizane et al. [5] entitled “Daily consumption of one teaspoon of trehalose can help maintain glucose homeostasis: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial conducted in healthy volunteers”, raises a number of critical questions:

Can one teaspoon of trehalose a day mitigate metabolic syndrome and diabetes risks?