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Background  The FcγRs genotypes have been reported to play a key role in the defence against malaria parasites through both cellular and humoral immunity. This study aimed to investigate the possible correlation between  FcγR  ( IIa ,  IIIa ,  and IIIb ) genes polymorphism and the clinical outcome for anti‐malarial antibody response of  Plasmodium falciparum  infection among Saudi children.    Methods  A total of 600 volunteers were enrolled in this study, including 200 malaria-free control (MFC) subjects, 218 patients with uncomplicated malaria (UM) and 182 patients with severe malaria (SM). The  FcγR  genotypes were analysed using PCR amplification methods, and measurements of immunoglobulin were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.    Results  The data revealed that the  FcγRIIa-R/R131  showed a statistically significant association with SM patients when compared to UM patients. Furthermore, higher levels of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 were associated with the  FcγRIIa-H/H131  genotype among UM patients. Although the  FcγRIIa-F/V176  genotype was not associated with UM, it showed a significant association with severe malaria. Interestingly, the  FcγRIIIa-V/V176  genotype offered protection against SM. Moreover, SM patients carrying the  FcγRIIIa-F/F  genotype showed higher levels of AMA-1-specific IgG2 and IgG4 antibodies. The  FcγRIIIb-NA1/NA1  and  FcγRIIIb-NA2/NA2  genotypes did not show significant differences between the UM and the MFC groups. However, the genotype  FcγRIIIb-NA2/NA2  was statistically significantly associated with SM patients.    Conclusions  The data presented in this study suggest that the influence of the  FcγRIIa-R/R131, FcγRIIIa-F/F176  and  FcγRIIIb-NA2/NA2  genotypes are statistically significantly associated with SM patients. However, the  FcγRIIa-H/H13  and  FcγRIIIa-V/V176  genotypes have demonstrated a protective effect against SM when compared to UM patients. The impact of the  FcyR  ( IIa ,  IIIa and IIIb ) gene variants and anti-malaria IgG subclasses play an important role in susceptibility to malaria infection and disease outcome in Saudi children.

malaria journal

Significant differences in FcγRIIa, FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb genes polymorphism and anti-malarial IgG subclass pattern are associated with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Saudi children