English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background   Plasmodium vivax  contributes to over 70% malaria burden in Pakistan, but limited data exists on various aspects including genetic diversity of the parasite as compared to other parts of the world. Since the information about the genetic diversity of  P. vivax  assists to understand the population dynamics of the parasite, the current study was designed to understand population divergence of  P. vivax  in Pakistan using circumsporozoite protein  (pvcsp)  and merozoite surface protein-1  (pvmsp-1)  genes as molecular markers.    Methods  The PCR for  pvcsp  and  pvmsp-1  genes was carried out for 150  P. vivax  isolates, followed by DNA sequencing of 35 and 30, respectively. Genetic diversity and polymorphism were analysed using ChromasPro, ClustalW, MEGA7, DnaSP v.5 and WebLogo programs.    Results  The PCR for  pvcsp  and  pvmsp-1  genes was carried out for 150  P. vivax  isolates and resulting the PCR products of 1100 bp for  pvcsp  and ~ 400 bp for  pvmsp-1  genes, respectively. In the central-repeat region (CRR) of  pvcsp  gene, sequences comprised of four variable repeats of PRMs, out of which GDRADGQPA (PRM1), GDRAAGQPA (PRM2) were more extensively dispersed among the  P. vivax  isolates. Partial sequences (~ 400 bp) of block 2 of  pvmsp-1  gene depicted high level of diversity.    Conclusion  The results revealed the polymorphism and genetic diversity especially at the CRR of  pvcsp  and block 2 of  pvmsp-1  genes, respectively. The base-line data presented here warrants future studies to investigate more into the genetic diversity of  P. vivax  with large sample size from across the country for better understanding of population dynamics of  P. vivax  that will help to control malaria at individual and community level.

malaria journal

Genetic characterization of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Pakistan using circumsporozoite protein (pvcsp) and merozoite surface protein-1 (pvmsp-1) genes as genetic markers