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Background  There have been an increasing number of imported cases of malaria in Hubei Province in recent years. In particular, the number of cases of  Plasmodium ovale  spp. and  Plasmodium malariae  significantly increased, which resulted in increased risks during the malaria elimination phase. The purpose of this study was to acquire a better understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of  P. ovale  spp. and  P. malariae  imported to Hubei Province, China, so as to improve case management.    Methods  Data on all malaria cases from January 2014 to December 2018 in Hubei Province were extracted from the China national diseases surveillance information system (CNDSIS). This descriptive study was conducted to analyse the prevalence trends, latency periods, interval from onset of illness to diagnosis, and misdiagnosis of cases of  P. ovale  spp. and  P. malariae  malaria.    Results  During this period, 634 imported malaria cases were reported, of which 87  P. ovale  spp. (61  P. ovale curtisi  and 26  P. ovale wallikeri ) and 18  P. malariae  cases were confirmed. The latency periods of  P. ovale  spp.,  P. malariae ,  Plasmodium vivax , and  Plasmodium falciparum  differed significantly, whereas those of  P. ovale curtisi  and  P. ovale wallikeri  were no significant difference. The proportion of correct diagnosis of  P. ovale  spp. and  P. malariae  malaria cases were 48.3% and 44.4%, respectively, in the hospital or lower-level Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In the Provincial Reference Laboratory, the sensitivity of microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests was 94.3% and 70.1%, respectively, for detecting  P. ovale  spp., and 88.9% and 38.9%, respectively, for detecting  P. malariae . Overall, 97.7% (85/87) of  P. ovale  spp. cases and 94.4% (17/18) of  P. malariae  cases originated from Africa.    Conclusion  The increase in the number of imported  P. ovale  spp. and  P. malariae  cases, long latency periods, and misdiagnosis pose a challenge to this region. Therefore, more attention should be paid to surveillance of imported cases of  P. ovale  spp. and  P. malariae  infection to reduce the burden of public health and potential risk of malaria.

Characteristics of imported Plasmodium ovale spp. and Plasmodium malariae in Hubei Province, China, 2014–2018