English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Background  The  Plasmodium falciparum  parasite is the only human malaria that produces the histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 (HRP2/3) antigens. Currently, HRP2/3 are widely used in malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), but several global reports have recently emerged showing genetic deletion of one or both of these antigens in parasites. Deletion of these antigens could pose a major concern for  P. falciparum  diagnosis in Haiti which currently uses RDTs based solely on the detection of the HRP2/3 antigens.    Methods  From September 2012 through February 2014, dried blood spots (DBS) were collected in Haiti from 9317 febrile patients presenting to 17 health facilities in 5 departments throughout the country as part of a bed net intervention study. All DBS from RDT positive persons and a random sampling of DBS from RDT negative persons were assayed for  P. falciparum  DNA by nested and PET-PCR (n = 2695 total). All PCR positive samples (n = 331) and a subset of PCR negative samples (n = 95) were assayed for three malaria antigens by a multiplex bead assay: pan- Plasmodium  aldolase (pAldo), pan- Plasmodium  lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), and HRP2/3. Any samples positive for  P. falciparum  DNA, but negative for HRP2/3 antigens were tested by nested PCR for  Pfhrp2  and  Pfhrp3  gene deletions.    Results  Of 2695 DBS tested for  Plasmodium  DNA, 345 (12.8%) were originally found to be positive for  P. falciparum  DNA; 331 of these had DBS available for antigen detection. Of these, 266 (80.4%) were positive for pAldo, 221 (66.8%) positive for pLDH, and 324 (97.9%) were positive for HRP2/3 antigens. Seven samples (2.1%) positive for  P. falciparum  DNA were not positive for any of the three antigens by the bead assay, and were investigated for potential  Pfhrp2/3  gene deletion by PCR. These samples either successfully amplified  Pfhrp2/3  genes or were at an estimated parasite density too low for sufficient DNA to perform successful genotyping.    Conclusions  Malaria positive samples in multiple Haitian sites were found to contain the HRP2/3 antigens, and no evidence was found of  Pfhrp2/3  deletions. Malaria RDTs based on the detection of the HRP2/3 antigens remain a reliable  P. falciparum  diagnostic tool as Haiti works towards malaria elimination.

Multiplex malaria antigen detection by bead-based assay and molecular confirmation by PCR shows no evidence of Pfhrp2 and Pfhrp3 deletion in Haiti