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Background  Malaria remains one of the most important causes of morbidity and death in sub-Saharan Africa. Along with early diagnosis and treatment of malaria cases and intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp), vector control is an important tool in the reduction of new cases. Alongside the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), targeting the vector larvae with biological larvicides, such as  Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis  ( Bti ) is gaining importance as a means of reducing the number of mosquito larvae before they emerge to their adult stage. This study presents data corroborating the entomological impact of such an intervention in a rural African environment.    Methods  The study extended over 2 years and researched the impact of biological larviciding with  Bti  on malaria mosquitoes that were caught indoors and outdoors of houses using light traps. The achieved reductions in female  Anopheles  mosquitoes were calculated for two different larviciding choices using a regression model.    Results  In villages that received selective treatment of the most productive breeding sites, the number of female  Anopheles  spp. dropped by 61% (95% CI 54–66%) compared to the pre-intervention period. In villages in which all breeding sites were treated, the number of female  Anopheles  spp. was reduced by 70% (95% CI 64–74%) compared to the pre-intervention period.    Conclusion  It was shown that malaria vector abundance can be dramatically reduced through larviciding of breeding habitats and that, in many geographical settings, they are a viable addition to current malaria control measures.

Reduction of malaria vector mosquitoes in a large-scale intervention trial in rural Burkina Faso using Bti based larval source management