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Background  Zoonotic infections with epidemic potential, as non-human primate malaria and yellow fever (YF), can overlap geographically. Optimizing a small blood sample for diagnosis and surveillance is of great importance. Blood are routinely collected for YF diagnosis and blood clots usually discarded after serum obtention. Aiming to take sample advantage, the sensitivity of a PCR using extracted DNA from long-term frozen clots from human and non-human primates for detection of  Plasmodium  spp. in low parasitaemia conditions was assayed.    Results  Malaria diagnosis with DNA extracted from blood clots generated results in agreement with samples obtained with whole blood, including mixed  Plasmodium vivax/simium  and  Plasmodium malariae/brasilianum  infections.    Conclusion  Blood clots from human and non-human primates may be an important and low cost source of DNA for malaria surveillance in the Atlantic Forest.

Frozen blood clots can be used for the diagnosis of distinct Plasmodium species in man and non-human primates from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest