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Background  Malaria is an infectious disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium, of which  Plasmodium vivax  and  Plasmodium falciparum  are the major species that cause the disease in humans. As there are relatively few alternatives for malaria treatment, it is necessary to search for new chemotherapeutic options. Colombia possesses a great diversity of plants, which are potential sources of new compounds of medical interest. Thus, in this study the antiplasmodial effect of extracts from two species of plants from the families Simaroubaceae and Picramniaceae ( Picramnia latifolia  and  Picrolemma huberi ) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. These plants were chosen because they contain secondary metabolites with interesting medicinal effects.    Results  The ethanolic extracts of both species were highly active with IC 50 : 1.2 ± 0.19 µg/mL for  P. latifolia  and IC 50 : 0.05 ± 0.005 µg/mL for  P. huberi . The  P. latifolia  extract had a stage specific effect on trophozoites and inhibited parasite growth in vivo by 52.1 ± 3.4%, evaluated at 1000 mg/kg in Balb/c mice infected with  Plasmodium berghei . On the other hand, evaluated at 150 mg/kg body weight in the same murine model, the ethanolic extract from  P. huberi  had an antiplasmodial effect in all the asexual intraerythrocytic stages of  P. falciparum  FCR3 and inhibited the parasitic growth in 93 ± 32.9%.    Conclusions  This is the first report of anti-malarial activity for these two species of plants. Thus,  P. latifolia  and  P. huberi  are potential candidates for the development of new drugs for treating malaria.

Anti-plasmodial effect of plant extracts from Picrolemma huberi and Picramnia latifolia