English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  The incidence of malaria due both to  Plasmodium falciparum  and  Plasmodium vivax  in the Peruvian Amazon has risen in the past 5 years. This study tested the hypothesis that the maintenance and emergence of malaria in hypoendemic regions such as Amazonia is determined by submicroscopic and asymptomatic  Plasmodium  parasitaemia carriers. The present study aimed to precisely quantify the rate of very-low parasitaemia carriers in two sites of the Peruvian Amazon in relation to transmission patterns of  P. vivax  and  P. falciparum  in this area.    Methods  This study was carried out within the Amazonian-ICEMR longitudinal cohort. Blood samples were collected for light microscopy diagnosis and packed red blood cell (PRBC) samples were analysed by qPCR. Plasma samples were tested for total IgG reactivity against recombinant PvMSP-10 and PfMSP-10 antigens by ELISA. Occupation and age 10 years and greater were considered surrogates of occupation-related mobility. Risk factors for  P. falciparum  and  P. vivax  infections detected by PRBC-qPCR were assessed by multilevel logistic regression models.    Results  Among 450 subjects, the prevalence of  P. vivax  by PRBC-PCR (25.1%) was sixfold higher than that determined by microscopy (3.6%). The prevalence of  P. falciparum  infection was 4.9% by PRBC-PCR and 0.2% by microscopy. More than 40% of infections had parasitaemia under 5 parasites/μL. Multivariate analysis for infections detected by PRBC-PCR showed that participants with recent settlement in the study area (AOR 2.1; 95% CI 1.03:4.2), age ≥ 30 years (AOR 3.3; 95% CI 1.6:6.9) and seropositivity to  P. vivax  (AOR 1.8; 95% CI 1.0:3.2) had significantly higher likelihood of  P. vivax  infection, while the odds of  P. falciparum  infection was higher for participants between 10 and 29 years (AOR 10.7; 95% CI 1.3:91.1) and with a previous  P. falciparum  infection (AOR 10.4; 95% CI 1.5:71.1).    Conclusions  This study confirms the contrasting transmission patterns of  P. vivax  and  P. falciparum  in the Peruvian Amazon, with stable local transmission for  P. vivax  and the source of  P. falciparum  to the study villages dominated by very low parasitaemia carriers, age 10 years and older, who had travelled away from home for work and brought  P. falciparum  infection with them.

malaria journal

High prevalence of very-low Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasitaemia carriers in the Peruvian Amazon: insights into local and occupational mobility-related transmission