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Background  Although a high genetic diversity of  Plasmodium  spp. circulating in great apes has been revealed recently due to non-invasive methods enabling detection in faecal samples, little is known about the actual mechanisms underlying the presence of  Plasmodium  DNA in faeces. Great apes are commonly infected by strongylid nematodes, including hookworms, which cause intestinal bleeding. The impact of strongylid infections on the detection of  Plasmodium  DNA in faeces was assessed in wild, western, lowland gorillas from Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic and eastern chimpanzees from Kalinzu Forest Reserve, Uganda.    Methods  Fifty-one faecal samples from 22 habituated gorillas and 74 samples from 15 habituated chimpanzees were analysed using Cytochrome-b PCR assay and coprological methods.    Results  Overall, 26.4% of the analysed samples were positive for both  Plasmodium  spp. and strongylids. However, the results showed no significant impact of intensity of infections of strongylids on detection of  Plasmodium  DNA in gorilla and chimpanzee faeces.    Conclusion  Bleeding caused by strongylid nematode  Necator  spp. cannot explain the presence of  Plasmodium  DNA in ape faeces.

No impact of strongylid infections on the detection of Plasmodium spp. in faeces of western lowland gorillas and eastern chimpanzees